1) Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) allow individuals to perform banking transactions, such as withdrawing cash, outside of traditional bank branches.

2) The Epic of Gilgamesh, originating from ancient Mesopotamia, is one of the oldest surviving works of literature and tells the story of the heroic king Gilgamesh and his quest for immortality. It explores themes of friendship, mortality, and the relationship between humans and the divine.

3) The first successful mass-produced personal computer, the IBM PC, was introduced in 1981 and played a significant role in popularizing the use of computers in homes and offices.

4) The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed in 1494, divided the newly discovered lands outside of Europe between Spain and Portugal, leading to the colonization of the Americas.