1) The world's largest diamond, the Cullinan, was discovered in South Africa in 1905 and weighed over 3,000 carats.

2) The term "cloud computing" refers to the delivery of computing services, including storage, databases, and software, over the internet rather than on a local server.

3) The development of the microprocessor by Intel in 1971 paved the way for the modern computer and led to the exponential growth of computing power.

4) The concept of federalism involves the division of powers between a central government and regional or local governments, allowing for shared governance and autonomy for different levels of administration.